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Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia results from HPV infection within cervical cells. These changes, especially in young women, commonly revert to normal cells due to an intact immune response and rapid turnover of cells on the cervix. About 60% of CIN-1 will regress to normal after 1 year. Women with CIN-2 and CIN-3 are at high risk for developing invasive cancer, although…

Despite the diversity of cancer-related risk factors, infections with bacteria and viruses are known risk factors for cancer. Worldwide, the most prominent infectious agents causing cancer are Helicobacter pylori (36.3%) and HPV (31.1%), followed by hepatitis B (16.3%) and C (7.1%). Despite lower numbers of cancer related to infection with other agents, including Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus type 8,…

When should you receive treatment for cervical insufficiency? Antai Cervical Ring is used to treat late miscarriage caused by cervical insufficiency, also known as cervical incompetence or short cervix. Prevention is better than cure. Hence, the earlier you place the Antai Cervical Ring, the better. The best time to place the ring is before pregnancy, followed by early pregnancy (before…

Definition of a congenital absence of uterus &vagina (MRKH) Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, also referred to as Müllerian aplasia or congenital absence of the uterus and vagina, is a congenital disorder characterised by agenesis or aplasia of the uterus and upper part of the vagina in females with a normal female karyotype (46,XX). The external genitalia appear normal and the patients…

Missed Miscarriage Missed miscarriage is where the embryo or fetus did not form or has died, but the placenta and embryonic tissues remain in the uterus with no physical miscarriage. According to clinical statistics, there are about 43 disorders that can cause a missed miscarriage. Immunological disorders account for 67% of missed miscarriages. Anatomical disorders account for 14%. Endocrine disorders…

Why do miscarriages happen? Dr. Chen Fenglin’s clinical research led to an important scientific discovery that recurrent immunological miscarriage can be caused by induced abortion, sexual intercourse during menstruation, or childbirth. In those situations, paternal tissues present in the woman’s body can enter through her endometrium vein. The mother’s body then recognizes the paternal tissues as foreign proteins and naturally…

Hyperemesis Gravidarum: Symptoms & Treatment Hyperemesis Gravidarum despite its dreadful reputation, is a treatable condition at Antai Hospital.  Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a life-threatening complication of pregnancy appearing at the extreme end of the pregnancy sickness spectrum. HG affects 1 % of pregnancies. Unlike mild-moderate nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, which is a common, unpleasant, symptom of early pregnancy, HG…

Does chromosomal abnormality cause miscarriage? No, chromosome abnormalities do not cause repeated miscarriages. It is a common misconception that chromosome abnormalities are a cause for repeated miscarriages. Having chromosome abnormalities does not mean that you are unhealthy.  There are three types of chromosome abnormalities, and couples suffering from repeated miscarriages will not have the type that will affect their ability…

Cervical incompetence (CI) is defined as a painless dilation and shortening of the cervix in the absence of vaginal bleeding, uterine contraction and the preterm rupture of membranes, ending with either miscarriage or childbirth during the second trimester of pregnancy. CI is part of a broader concept of a short cervix. Short cervical length (SCL) should be defined as a…

Corpus Luteum Defect and Recurrent Miscarriage Luteal phase defect, also known as corpus luteum defect, results in low levels of progesterone. So, what is the function of progesterone and why does a lack of it cause miscarriages?  The progesterone is also termed as “pregnancy hormones” as it plays a crucial role in maintaining a pregnancy. Having sufficient progesterone levels is…