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Infertility is when someone is unable to have children. It can be defined as the engagement of the normal sexual life of a couple, without any contraceptive measures for a period of 12-months and achieving zero pregnancies. This scenario is widely accepted as the definition of infertility. Infertility is caused by male factors, female factors, and common factors of both…
Miscarriage Management: D&C and Hysteroscopy – Antai Hospital D&C Introduction Dilation and Curettage are currently one of the most practiced gynecological procedures, where its primary function is to retrieve a terminated pregnancy from the uterine cavity. The pregnant patient will have the pregnancy or products of conception removed from the endometrial cavity trying to avoid removing tissue beyond the decidua…
Uterine Fibroids: Diagnosis & Treatment – Antai Hospital Uterine fibroids (UFs), also known as uterine leiomyomas, are benign neoplasms of the uterus that affect women of reproductive age in their 20s, 30s, and 40s. They may be asymptomatic or cause a range of severe and chronic symptoms. The most common presenting symptom is heavy menstrual bleeding, which can lead to…
Adenomyosis: Cause & Treatment – Antai Hospital Introduction Adenomyosis is a common condition of the female reproductive system, specifically, it affects the uterus. Displace tissue of the endometrium is now growing inside the muscle wall of the uterus, in the form of multiple adenomyomas or lesions. Tiny brown ball-like tissues carry all the properties of endometrial tissues, so they are…
Luteal Phase Deficiency: Diagnosis & Treatment – Antai Hospital Introduction Luteal phase Deficiency, also known as Luteal Phase Defect, is a disorder of the corpus luteum located inside the ovaries. Broadly speaking, it refers to an abnormality in the luteal phase: the secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum. For this reason, LPD is also referred to as Corpus Luteum…
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia & Cervical Cancer: Treatment with 安太液 – Antai Hospital Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of the cervix is a highly common sexually transmitted disease and a primary risk factor for the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. However, only a relatively small percentage of women with the infection will develop severe CIN or invasive cervical cancer. Several factors…
Introduction Ectopic pregnancy is defined as a pregnancy that occurs outside of the uterine cavity. The most common site of ectopic pregnancy is the fallopian tube. Most cases of tubal ectopic pregnancy that are detected early can be treated successfully either with minimally invasive surgery or with medical management using methotrexate. However, tubal ectopic pregnancy in an unstable patient is…
Unexplained Miscarriage: The 2 most common causes – Antai Hospitals Recurrent miscarriage (RM), also known as recurrent pregnancy loss, is a distressing condition affecting around 1-3% of couples trying to conceive It can be very frustrating for both clinicians and patients as, despite intensive workup, no clear underlying pathology is forthcoming in at least 50% of couples. This leads to…
Biochemical Pregnancy: Cause & Treatment – Antai Hospital Biochemical pregnancies, also known as chemical pregnancies, are an early form of miscarriage, typically occurring between weeks 3-5 of your pregnancy. It is characterized by the absence of an identifiable pregnancy on ultrasound examination despite testing positive on a pregnancy test. A positive pregnancy test indicates the pregnancy was implanted briefly and…
Arcuate Uterus: Recurrent Miscarriage – Antai Hospital Arcuate Uterus is a mild version of the more commonly known septate uterus. It is also a form of Mullerian Duct anomalies and a uterine malformation, distinctly it is considered very mild, and many experts do not think it poses any risks in reproductive failures or pregnancy losses. Based on the widely accepted…