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Parental Chromosomal Abnormality does not cause embryonic demise There are 3 types of genetic mutation that may occur during the development of a newly fertilized embryo during your pregnancy: Lethal mutation Deformity-causing mutation Carrier mutation The first 2 types of mutations are congenital anomalies, which means they cannot be inherited and caused by the changes or abnormalities of the environmental…
What is cervical insufficiency? Cervical insufficiency (also called incompetent cervix) means your cervix opens (dilates) too early during pregnancy, usually without pain or contractions. Contractions are when the muscles of your uterus get tight and then relax. They help push your baby out of your uterus during labor and birth. Cervical insufficiency can cause premature birth and miscarriage. Premature birth…
Title: Hyperthyroidism and Corpus Luteum Insufficiency The thyroid glands play an essential role in the regulation of metabolism via the secretion of 2 crucial hormones: T3, also known as triiodothyronine T4, also known as thyroxine Hyperthyroidism is an endocrine disorder where the thyroid glands secrete an excess amounts of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). If left untreated, Hyperthyroidism can cause…
Types of recurrent miscarriage Recurrent miscarriage is categorized in detail into the following four types with its respective definitions: Recurrent early primary miscarriage It started from your first pregnancy, with the miscarriages occurring two or more times within the first 12 weeks of your pregnancy. Recurrent early secondary miscarriage You had previously experienced a successful pregnancy, with the miscarriages occurring…
Introduction Doctors are highly respected in society because they save lives on a daily basis, but despite their effort and good intentions, they may also end up becoming a contributing cause to certain diseases. This occurs due to their unintentional or, in some cases intentional negligence, error, misconduct, misdiagnosis or misinterpretation of the patient’s condition, further aggravating their situation. This…
Introduction The cervix is the lower section of the uterus, that directly connects the uterus to the vagina (birth canal). During a pregnancy, the cervix will stay shut and firm, and does not dilate or open until the end of the third trimester, nearing labor. However during this period of progression towards labor, the cervix gradually shortens and thins, to…
Introduction Aneuploidy or Embryonic Chromosomal Abnormality, is a frequent event in human embryos, and its incidence is higher in oocytes and embryos from women of advanced maternal age. Aneuploidy is also a contributing factor in infertile populations, such as couples with recurrent miscarriages, repetitive implantation failure. However, even in today’s age, many women are still being told that they miscarried…
You will first experience abdominal pains due to uterine contractions for a late threatened miscarriage (after week 13). Then you may notice some vaginal bleeding. Before we delve into the medications, let’s briefly go through the steps to take after you experience symptoms of late threatened miscarriage. Visit your gynecologist immediately to assess for fetal heartbeat. If the heartbeat is…
Premature Ovarian Insufficiency and Recurrent Miscarriage Premature ovarian insufficiency or primary ovarian insufficiency refers to women who have deteriorating ovarian functions before the age of 40. Your ovaries stop producing healthy amounts of estrogen and release irregular and low quantities of eggs. The low level of estrogen can cause thinning of the endometrium (lining of the uterus). A healthy and…
Intrauterine Adhesions Introduction Intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) are the formation of scar tissues between the front and back inner walls of the uterus. The scar tissues forms after the stratum basalis get damaged. Stratum basalis is one of the two endometrium layers that a uterus has. The other endometrium layer is the stratum functionalis. Stratum Basalis Stratum Functionalis Position Positioned…